Figure 8.04: Proportion of prosecutions for selected drug offences, by ethnicity, 2020, England and Wales. It is considered a more useful concept than race. Figure 7.02: Average custodial sentence lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences, by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020, Figure 7.03: Age of defendant proceeded against at court for indictable offences by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. The relationship between the homicide victim and principal suspect[footnote 19] varied across ethnic groups. Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. Of all offenders sentenced in 2020, the most common outcome was a fine, at 38%. This goes against the trend from 2016 where the numbers of prosecutions had been rising each year for all ethnic groups except Black. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and . 9% of White people aged 75 and over feared crime, compared with 27% of Asian people in the same age group. The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. In the 2011 Census the proportion in each ethnic group was as follows: 87% White, 3% Black, 6% Asian, 2% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. Figure 6.04: Outcomes of Parole Board hearings, year ending March 2021, England and Wales, by ethnicity. Since this previous period, homicides, overall, increased by 17%. This was the only region in which homicide victims were more likely to be from the Black ethnic group (42%), followed by White ethnic group (40%). See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. Crime lower work tends to be relatively high volume, lower cost units of criminal legal aid work. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). Over the last 5 years, the proportion of arrests in London and across England and Wales have remained relatively stable by ethnic group. The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. . As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. These are the main factors that have been contributing to crime in the contemporary world. Graham and Bowling (1995) Found that blacks (43%) and whites (44%) had similar and almost identical rates of crime, but Asians actually had lower rates (Indians- 30%, Pakistanis-28% and Bangladeshi-13%). (These statistics are from the Ministry of Justice, 2013). It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased, between 2016 and 2020, for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. Crimes involving multiple assailants, 43% of the assailants were Black, 38% were white, and 16% were Hispanic. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. Source: Census 2001 England Household form, Office for National Statistics. It is not possible to make any causal links between ethnicity and CJS outcomes. Of those who received a suspended sentence order, higher proportions of White and Mixed ethnicity offenders received rehabilitation requirements[footnote 60], whereas higher proportions of Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders received unpaid work requirements. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. The lower ACSL for White defendants may be a result of a higher percentage of guilty plea rates for this ethnic group, resulting in shorter custodial sentences. For example, in 2020, 40% of all convictions of Black individuals were for drug offences. In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. The Asian ethnic group had a higher proportion of homicides where the principal suspect was a family member (17%) or partner/ex-partner (22%), compared to all other ethnic groups. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. Since 2015/16, the percentage of adults who were victims of a personal crime once or more, excluding fraud and computer misuse, remained stable at 4%. In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest concordance rate with their PSR for immediate custodial sentences was the Mixed ethnic group, at 89%; this has remained consistent since 2018. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. However, these data have been extracted from large administrative data systems and surveys generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies, so some care should be taken, in particular when considering small differences and or sample sizes. The proportion of total arrests for which theft offences account has been decreasing over this period (20 to 13%) with a corresponding increase in the proportion accounted for by drug offences (9 to 12%). You can change your cookie settings at any time. Arrests declined 21% and 22%, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a higher rate than other ethnic groups. However, for White suspects, the proportion of arrests for drug offences (10%), was exceeded by the proportion of arrests for theft offences (14%). This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . , A suspect in a homicide case is defined as either: a person who has been arrested in respect of an offence initially classified as homicide and charged with homicide, including those who were subsequently convicted or a person who is suspected by the police of having committed the offence but is known to have died or committed suicide prior to arrest or being charged. , Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Ethnicity and the criminal justice system statistics 2020, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication, Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk), Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised). The latest release is ' Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2020 '. White prisoners reported more positive experiences on their wing/houseblock compared to prisoners of other ethnicities, with 90% of White prisoners reporting that they could shower every day, in comparison with 80% of Black prisoners. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. The ACSL was longest for Chinese or Other offenders at 14.7 months, followed by Black at 13.7 months, Mixed 13.2 months, Asian 12.1 months and White 10.6 months. The reoffending rate was highest for children across all ethnic groups compared to adults. A higher proportion of Mixed suspects received the principal outcome of arrest at 14%, compared to 13% of Black suspects, 12% of White suspects, 11% of Other ethnicity suspects and 10% of Asian suspects. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand outcomes and trends for different ethnic groups in the CJS in England and Wales. For the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. Published by D. Clark , Feb 10, 2022. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. Overall, 81% of defendants who were remanded in custody at Crown Court for drug offences went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence. This proportion varied between 10% and 17% for all other ethnic groups in 2020/21. We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other. The latest trends are mostly reflective of the impact of the pandemic on court processes and prioritisation rather than a continuation of the longer-term series. , Overall pupil population referring to cohort 2014/15. Ethnicity is recorded by either self-reporting or as identified by a police officer[footnote 2]. 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