There are a total of 29 km of ski runs on Vitosha, and the longest is 5 km. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. A guide "developed to enhance the leadership skills, knowledge, and capabilities of jail administrators on issues of basic jail administration" is presented (p. v). [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. Vitosha is in the south; the Balkan Mountains define the valley's northern fringes. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). Technical assistance and information resources cover a wide range of jail administration and operational issues. Sofia and the immediate vicinity also boast a great many spa complexes. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail, Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies, Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. These remains are exhibited in the underpass connecting the Presidential Palace and The Ministerial Council, surrounded by shops selling traditional Bulgarian souvenirs and rosewater. Top-circulation newspapers include 24 Chasa and Trud. Limes. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. Following the defeat of the crusader forces in 1444, the city's Christians faced persecution. Kliment Ohridski, Tel. [51] The warmest year on record was 2019 with an annual temperature of 11.9C (53F).[52]. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. [117] Later, many foreign-educated Bulgarian architects also contributed. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. A fundamental principle of ODRC classification processes is to place individuals in the least restrictive setting possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. Inmates designated as a verified Security Risk Group member are classified as level three. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. These vary from Christian Roman architecture and medieval Bulgarian fortresses to Neoclassicism and prefabricated Socialist-era apartment blocks. [157] There are also various other sports complexes in the city which belong to institutions other than football clubs, such as those of the National Sports Academy, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, or those of different universities. Besides the city proper, the 24 districts of Sofia Municipality encompass three other towns and 34 villages. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. These services are conducted under five initiatives. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. Since the 18th century the beylerbeys of Rumelia often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in 1826. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . There are two ski centers on Mount Vitosha to accommodate visitors to this very popular sports destination. [132], Under Bulgaria's centralised political system, Sofia concentrates much of the political and financial resources of the country. Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. Prison Classification. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. The largest group are occupied in trading, followed by those in the manufacturing industry. [33][34] It became a municipium during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98117). [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. ", Jen Fitz. The 126-metre (413ft) Capital Fort Business Centre is the first skyscraper in Bulgaria, with its 36 floors. It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. For more information about the park, please contact the Vitosha Nature Preservation Information Center, located roughly 1 km from the Dragolevtsi Quarter, close to the Dragolevtsi Monastery. According to modern records, 39,551 dwellings were constructed until 1949, 119,943 between 1950 and 1969, 287,191 between 1970 and 1989, 57,916 in the 90s and 102,623 between 2000 and 2011. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. Until 1949, 13,114 buildings were constructed and between 10,000 and 20,000 in each following decade. [94] In the aftermath of the war, the city was permanently integrated in Bulgaria and became known by the Slavic name of Sredets. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. [202] The municipality was known for minor and cosmetic repairs and many streets are in a poor condition. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union (after Madrid) and the third highest capital of Europe (after Andorra la Vella and Madrid). The city is located at a strategic crossroads. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. There are two ice skating complexes the Winter Sports Palace with a capacity of 4,600 and the Slavia Winter Stadium with a capacity of 2,000, both containing two rinks each. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. The parks are equipped with safe, modern, playground equipment, and there are both childrens playgrounds and indoor recreational facilities for children. Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. 125 years a capital. [164] In 2015, Sofia was ranked 30th out of 300 global cities in terms of combined growth in employment and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the highest one amongst cities in Southeast Europe. There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. Six new stations were opened in 2009, two more in April 2012, and eleven more in August 2012. Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. In 1900, the first electric lightbulb in the city was turned on. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. "Guttenberg". Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. Demographic Information. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. [95][97], The city eventually fell to the Byzantine Empire in 1018, following the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. Inmate Classification - Policies Classification The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. Fourteen chapters comprise this guide: introduction; role, purpose, and characteristics of the jail; administration; facilities; staffing and scheduling; staff recruiting, selection, and retention; staff training; security, safety, and emergency preparedness; inmate behavior management; inmate discipline and grievance; special management; inmate services and programs; jail intake and release; and getting started on the job. For a few decades after the liberation, Sofia experienced large population growth, mainly by migration from other regions of the Principality (Kingdom since 1908) of Bulgaria, and from the still Ottoman Macedonia and Thrace. Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. [139] Corruption in Bulgaria also affects Sofia's authorities. There are two golf courses just to the east of Sofia in Elin Pelin (St Sofia club) and in Ihtiman (Air Sofia club), and a horseriding club (St George club). [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. Skiing equipment can be rented and skiing lessons are available. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. The city center contains many remains of ancient Serdica that have been excavated and are on public display, including Complex Ancient Serdica, eastern gate, western gate, city walls, thermal baths, 4th c. church of St. George Rotunda, amphitheatre of Serdica, the tombs and basilicas under the basilica of St. Sophia. Following his capture in 1873, Vasil Levski was transferred and hanged in Sofia by the Ottomans. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. (2009). The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. Back to Search. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. ", "Museum of Socialist Art National Gallery", "NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Information for the area of city of Sofia", " , . [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. The Slavic name Sredets (), which is related to "middle" (, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. Artificial and dam lakes were built in the twentieth century. With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. Heinrichs. [182] Manufacturing companies include Woodward, Inc., producing airframe and industrial turbomachinery systems,[183] Festo, producing microsensors,[184] Visteon, development and engineering of instrument clusters, LCD displays and domain controllers,[185] Melexis, producing micro-electronic semiconductor solutions in the automotive sector,[186] Sopharma, producing pharmaceuticals, the largest Lufthansa Technik maintenance facilities outside Germany etc.[187]. It occupies an area of 3,170 square metres (34,122 square feet) and can hold 10,000 people. Plovdiv remained the most populous Bulgarian town until 1892 when Sofia took the lead. Springs and autumns in Sofia are usually short with variable and dynamic weather. Regional Member Sofia", "Shared Electric Vehicles Spark in Sofia Increase by 170", "Fines for bad repair work 'Dnevnik' newspaper", " - ", "Official website of the Sofia university History", "Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students", "Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years", ". . The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 3 is considered General Population, but is designed for individuals who are more likely to, or have previously engage(d), in disruptive prison behavior. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. [79], In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. Since 2015, the National Art Gallery, the National Gallery for Foreign Art (NGFA) and the Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal were merged to form the National Gallery. When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. Over 99.6% of males and females aged over 9 are recorded as literate. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. These elements are: assessing risk and needs; assigning inmates to housing; meeting inmates basic needs; defining and conveying expectations for inmate behavior; supervising inmates; and keeping inmates productively occupied. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. The maximum vertical drop is 780 meters. Sofia is relatively close to the capitals of most Balkan countries: Ankara is 1,012 km; Athens is 837 km; Beograd is 374 km; Bucharest is 395 km; Zagreb is 762 km; Ljubljana is 897 km; Sarajevo is 549 km; Skopje is 239 km; Tirana is 553 km. This is noticeably changing in the past years. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. Most prominent churches such as Saint Sofia and Saint George were converted into mosques, and a number of new ones were constructed, including Banya Bashi Mosque built by the renowned Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. FAQs| OFFENDER SEARCH |CONTACT | MEDIA, 4545 Fisher Road, Suite D, Columbus, OH 43228, History of assaultive, violent, or disruptive behavior, Type of sentencing and release eligibility, Previous adjustment at less restrictive security levels, Security Classificationfor Incarcerated Persons Levels1-4 (53-CLS-01), Outside Worker Approval Process(53-CLS-03), Incarcerated Individual Separations(53-CLS-05), Interstate Corrections Compact(53-CLS-07), Construction, Activation, Maintenance and Sustainability, Incarcerated Individual Security Classification Level 4 and Protective Control (PC) at OSP (53-CLS-06), Incarcerated IndividualRequested Inter-Institution Transfers, Classification/Release of Protective Control (PC) Incarcerated Persons (53-CLS-11). We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority.