Howe later contended that the Community Charge was incompetently implemented, but it was the direction of European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance. [14], During Thatcher's first term the government's poll ratings plummeted, until the 'Falklands Factor'. Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, CB was an officer of the Bengal Army and later the newly constituted British Indian Army. "[68], However, in his account of the massacre Nick Lloyd claims that although Dyer later claimed to have undertaken the massacre to "save" British India, he had had no such idea in his mind that fateful afternoon. In 1969, he chaired the committee of inquiry into investigate alleged abuse at Ely Mental Hospital, Cardiff. A high-earning barrister, he was made a QC in 1965.[7]. He has been married to Sarah Haskins since August 6, 2010. A nationwide hartal (strike action), which was called on 30 March (later changed to 6 April) by Mahatma Gandhi, had turned violent in some areas. [25] However, Howe's tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues, first on South Africa, next on Britain's relations with the European Community, and then in 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement. [26][pageneeded], In June 1989, Howe and his successor as chancellor, Nigel Lawson, both secretly threatened to resign over Thatcher's opposition to British proposed membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results Geoffrey Edward Macleod Dyer (1896 - 1958) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days. Geoffrey Edward Macleod Dyer married Margaret Beatrice Wallgrave Paskin. He took charge of the prisoner of war elements, which gained useful intelligence of the Germans before the war ended, and of Soviet forces afterwards. During the Second World War, Hallowes initially served with the 2nd Battalion, The Gordon Highlanders in the defence of Malaya against Japan in 1942. January 14, 1961 - November 20, 2018 New York Set a Reminder for the Anniversary of Geoffrey's Passing. Geoffrey was born in 1896. Frances Anne Trevor Ommaney married Reginald Edward Harry Dyer and had 3 children. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. You will have to report to me of the Badmash [criminals]. This order was in effect from 19 April until 25 April 1919. They were given permission to try to escape from the Japanese after the order was delivered. "[71], Although still owning property in Wiltshire, Dyer died at his cottage in Somerset, St Martin's, Long Ashton, near Bristol. Richard I granted the town [], The C13th Century Battle of Evesham is re-enacted on the 4 & 5 August 2018. [7], Documents released under the British government's 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool in 1981 Howe had warned Thatcher "not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool", writing that "It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey. He was told later by the Commander-in-Chief in India, General Charles Monro, to resign his post and that he would not be reemployed. Coming from outside the city, they may have been unaware of the martial law that had been imposed. Dyer was heavily criticised both in Britain and India. Statement of Eyewitness Mr Girdhari Lal, who happened to watch the scene from the window of his house overlooking the Jallianwala Bagh: Ref: Report of Commissioners, Vol I, II, Bombay, 1920, Reprint New Delhi, 1976, p 10-11. More politically significant was work on the Latey Committee tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age. Husband of Odette Sansom Hallowes GC, MBE, Chevalier de la lgion d'honneur, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Hallowes. The houses did not have any back doors and the inhabitants could not go out without climbing down from their roofs. As a temporary brigadier-general,[1] he was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that took place on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar . Following his retirement from the Commons, Howe took on a number of non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia, including as international political adviser to the US law firm Jones Day, a director of GlaxoSmithKline and J. P. Morgan, and visitor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. In 1978, Healey said Howe's criticism was "like being savaged by a dead sheep". He was previously married to Denise Crosby and Genevieve Tyrrell. Three British bank employees were beaten to death, and Miss Marcella Sherwood, who supervised the Mission Day School for Girls, was cycling around the city to close her schools when she was assaulted by a mob in a narrow street called the Kucha Kurrichhan. [39], Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon, of Tandridge in the County of Surrey. Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for entry to the ERM in June 1989. [66], Dyer made three conflicting sets of statements about his motives and actions. Obey my orders and open shops. A military picket fired at the people there, killing several protestors. [67], Dyer wrote an article in the Globe of 21 January 1921, entitled, "The Peril to the Empire". Although, the high status was lost when Offa died. [47] From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution. Clinton, New York. She does not understand it." The official report stated that this resulted in the killing of at least 379 people and the injuring of over a thousand more. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer family tree Parents Edward Abraham Dyer 1831 - 1902 Mary Ann Passmore [citation needed]. He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and Commonwealth Office which was a job he had always coveted. [37], A few days later, Cledwyn Hughes, the Labour leader in the Lords, said, I much regretted the departure of Sir Geoffrey Howe from his office and from the Government. Four of the entrances were very narrow, admitting only a few people at a time. [1][22] In 1919, about a month after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Dyer served in the Third Anglo-Afghan War. This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 11:49. In 1875, he enrolled at Midleton College in County Cork, Ireland, graduating in 1881. His military career began serving briefly in the regular British Army before transferring to serve with the Presidency armies of India. He was previously married to Michael Feffer and Suzanne Weaver Ford. Some sources claim that over a thousand people were killed that day and more than 1,800 were injured. [46], Dyer tried to win over the Sikhs as best as he could. Long-term interest rates also declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983. [18], Unlike Reaganomics, his macro-economic policy emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts 'I never succumbed to the mistaken interpretations of Lafferism, which have led some US policymakers so far astray';[19] despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howe's tenure. Geoffrey Edmund Edwards was born on month day 1927, at birth place, to Edmund Richard Charles Edwards and Gladys Elsie Edwards (born Walton). He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the Department of Trade and Industry, with a seat in the Cabinet and Privy Council membership, a post he held until Labour were returned to government in March 1974. [47], The Morning Post claimed Dyer was "the man who saved India" and started a benefit fund which raised over 26,000 sterling. The following is the English translation of Dyer's Urdu statement directed at the local residents of Amritsar on the afternoon of 14 April 1919, a day after the Amritsar massacre: You people know well that I am a Sepoy and soldier. At the advent of the Third Burmese War (1886-87), he served with the Bengal Army, initially as a lieutenant in the Bengal Staff Corps. Born 14 Jan 1882 in Bengal, India. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/reginald-dyer-17391.php, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Geoffrey had 3 siblings: Capt. Speak up, if you want war? He assisted the Free French forces by arranging a drop of arms, assisting them to liberate French villages, and encouraging them to prevent the Germans from withdrawing across the Rhne. Gandhi will not lead India to capable self-government. They were the parents of at least 2 sons and 1 daughter. The authorities early claims of the massacre being the result of the assault on Marcella Sherwood, the teacher, later turned out to be only a pretext. [2] Howe was not sporty, joining instead the debating society. [48], Howe was a close personal friend of Ian Gow, the former MP, parliamentary private secretary, and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher. [41][42] The order was not required at night due to a curfew. In time it became the Parish church for the settlement which grew around the Point and Camber, Portmouth. Edmund was born on April 7 1901, in London City. In the end, they received Rs 500 (then equal to 37.10s.0d; equivalent to 1,581 in 2021) for each victim. ", "Amritsar: Minutes of Evidence taken before the Hunter Committee", Home Political, 23 Sept 1921, No 23, National Archive of India, New Delhi, "Jallianwala Bagh massacre: When a British newspaper collected 26,000 pounds for General Dyer", "History repeats itself, in stopping short", "Were we right in accepting, as we have done, the conclusion of the Army Council as terminating the matter so far as Colonel Dyer was concerned, or ought we to have taken further action of a disciplinary or quasi-disciplinary character against him? [10] But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination, and Cripps Committee on discrimination against women, the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law. [15], The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit which at the time was 9.3billion (3.6% GDP), and controlling inflation, long-term interest rates would be able to decline, thus re-stimulating the economy. It features a mediaeval festival and camp with demos of cookery, weapons and medicine, and the main battle re-enactment. Surprisingly, despite his involvement in the massacre and no apparent remorse for it, no attempt on his life was made by Indian insurgents. Authorities were also becoming concerned by displays of Hindu-Muslim unity. The British authorities were also troubled by the exhibitions of Hindu-Muslim unity. When he approached a complex political problem, his one thought was to have order; his one tool to get it was the gun. Son. [28], Dyer is infamous for the orders that he gave on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar. On the coast the [], Nantwich is a lively medieval market town on the banks of the River Weaver in Cheshire. [20], After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary, a post he held for six years, the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 19051916. He was posted in Belfast in 1886, serving as part of a riot control unit. There are 60+ professionals named "Geoffrey Macleod", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas, and opportunities. In India, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood in protest. [7], Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Minister's overall handling of UK relations with the European Community. Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority. Following Churchill's speech defending the council's decision and a debate in Parliament, on 8 July 1920 MPs voted for the government by a majority of 247 to 37; a motion calling for approval of Dyer's actions was defeated by a majority of 230 to 129. The town saw action during the C17th Anglo Dutch wars. I have served in the military for over 30 years. [43], A committee of enquiry, chaired by Lord Hunter, was established to investigate the massacre. It was not enough to have shops and businesses reopen in Amritsar an example was needed of the consequences of insubordination. "[32] Later, Dyer's own testimony revealed that the crowd was not given any warning to disperse and he was not remorseful for having ordered his troops to shoot. [a] Rampant inflation had however eroded competitiveness, devalued pensions, investments, and wages. At the time, his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to The Times, who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time, remarking the Budget had "no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence". After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he was taken out of duty and received widespread condemnation in both India and Britain. During his time as deputy prime minister, Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration, which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the poll tax, as a 'listening government'.[4]. [46] He was an honorary fellow of SOAS. I wanted them to know that a British woman is as sacred as a Hindu god and therefore, they have to crawl in front of her too.". In 1888, he was active in the Black Mountain Campaign. Geoffrey Edmund Edwards, 1927 - 1992. [65], A fictionalised account of Dyer's actions in Amritsar is contained in the 1981 Booker Prize winning novel Midnight's Children, by author Salman Rushdie (see List of Midnight's Children characters). The Indian people want no such enlightenment. [citation needed] The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right. It is only to an enlightened people that free speech and a free press can be extended. They decided to expel major agitators from the province, including Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew. These required that force should be constrained by what was reasonable to achieve an immediate objective; minimum, not maximum, force should be deployed. Frank was born on July 3 1853, in Apsley, VIC, Australia. [8] Through a series of Bow Group publications, Howe advanced free market ideas, largely inspired by the thinking of Enoch Powell, which was later to be known as Thatcherism. A year later, he was appointed temporary brigadier general. Geoffrey Lee MacLeod, 57, passed away early on November 20, 2018. There are extensive Roman walls of local red sandstone. The time will come to India when a strong hand will be exerted against malice and 'perversion' of good order. During World War I, he led the Seistan Force and was promoted to colonel in 1915 and temporary brigadier-general in 1916. View the profiles of professionals named "Geoffrey Macleod" on LinkedIn. He was born in Pittsfield, MA on January 14, 1961, graduated with a BA from SUNY Purchase, and pursued a career in photography and art. [60] In 1920, the British Labour Party Conference at Scarborough unanimously passed a resolution denouncing the Amritsar massacre as a "cruel and barbarous action" of British officers in Punjab, and called for their trial, the recall of Michael O'Dwyer and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, and the repealing of repressive legislation. [31], Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretary's country residence Chevening. He is a director and actor, known for Curse of the Pink Panther (1983), The Man Who Loved Women (1983) and Trail of the Pink Panther (1982). The British Raj must continue, firm and unshaken in its administration of justice to all men. [61], Churchill, the then Secretary of State for War, wanted Dyer to be disciplined, but the Army Council superseded by him decided to allow Dyer to resign with no plan for further punishment. He advocated non-violent civil disobedience and was forbidden by the authorities to speak publicly. [7], The Morning Post remembered him in an article titled "The Man Who Saved India" and "He Did His Duty" but the (Liberal) Westminster Gazette wrote a contrary opinion: "No British action, during the whole course of our history in India, has struck a severer blow to Indian faith in British justice than the massacre at Amritsar. Ancestors . He arrived on 11 April to assume command. He was also a keen photographer, and film buff. Ryan. He was educated at the Aldro prep school, Eastbourne, the Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz in Switzerland, and at Jesus College, Cambridge, but left without a degree. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer family tree Parents Edward Abraham Dyer 1831 - 1902 Mary Ann Passmore A mob formed, and they torched government buildings and assaulted Europeans in the city. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer married Frances Anne Trevor Ommaney and had 3 children. [23] For a few months in 1919 he was posted to the 5th Brigade at Jamrud. [59], During the Dyer debates in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, there was both praise and condemnation of Dyer. The pound sterling was thus pegged to the Deutsche Mark, instead of the US dollar and the consequence was that Britain's currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy. The town is famous for its medieval timbered buildings. At the Scottish Party Conference in Perth in 1987, Howe spelled out his position for the European single market and the proposed Delors Plan (Thatcher having accepted the Single European Act in 1986[34]). Jan 14, 1961 - Nov 20, 2018. In March 2008 a cache of arms was discovered during a house-clearance in a property in Walton-on-Thames. [17] Specialist opinions on the question, expressed with 25 years' hindsight, are collected in an Institute of Economic Affairs report. He helped to found the Bow Group, an internal Conservative think tank of "young modernisers" in the 1950s; he was one of its first chairmen in 19551956 and edited its magazine Crossbow from 1960 to 1962. Hallowes was born in Kensington, London, the son of Edward Price Hallowes, a partner in Twiss, Browning & Hallowes of London, importers of Dry Monopole champagne, and Aileen Macleod of Adelaide, South Australia. Geoffrey McGilchrist MacLeod 09 Jan 1903 Junee, New South Wales, Australia - 08 Oct 1974 . [48] Sources differ on how much, if anything Rudyard Kipling contributed to this fund and some sources claim that 'the man who saved India' line came from Kipling.[49][50]. According to a Home Political Deposit report, the number was more than 1,000, with more than 1,200 wounded. He joined a special forces training school in Haifa, and became a member of SOE's Force 133, in Cairo, earmarked for assignments in Yugoslavia. Sir Geoffrey was an outstanding member of the Prime Minister's Administration since 1979 and his decision to leave reveals a fatal flaw in the management of our affairs. As a travel and tourism publisher, weve been writing about lots of the best of Britains towns, and the individual neighbourhoods within bigger cities and communities (including London) for quite a few years. [36] Dr Smith, a British civil surgeon at Amritsar, estimated that there were over 1,800 casualties. There is much for visitors to see and do here. When Singapore surrendered on 15 February 1942, Hallowes joined Major "Nick" Nicholson to form one of two pairs of officers who were sent to carry the order to ceasefire to garrisons on the islands of Pulau Blakang Mati and Pulau Brani. Source information. [4][27] She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell, a career diplomat who contrasted to Howe's mandarin-style. Storyhouse Todays theatre lovers can also enjoy an indoor experience at Chesters Storyhouse. On April 13, 1919, civilians had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh to participate in the annual Baisakhi celebrations and peacefully protest against the arrests. Back in England in September 1944, Hallowes joined SOE's Special Planning Unit 22, to consider the feasibility of sending German-speaking SOE operatives (particularly Poles and former German prisoners of war) into German territory. Plant Memorial Trees Opens send flowers url in a new window Three European bank officials were killed by the mob. Gandhi will not lead India to capable self-government. After the war, Hallowes returned to England and joined the family wine importing company. The weapons an American M1 carbine, German MP 40 submachine gun, British .38 Enfield No. During World War I, he led the Seistan Force and was promoted to colonel in 1915 and temporary brigadier-general in 1916. His name appeared in the official report, and he became a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). Born on October 9, 1864, in Murree, Punjab, British India (present-day Pakistan), Reginald Dyer was the son of Edward Abraham Dyer and Mary Passmore. [40] He published his memoirs Conflict of Loyalty (1994) soon after. [29], The civilians had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh to participate in the annual Baisakhi celebrations which are both a religious and a cultural festival of the Punjabis. The name comes from the Old Norse Leirvick meaning muddy bay. Howe remarked: "She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy. The city was the fortress of the 20th Legion. [26]:237 Michael O'Dwyer, the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, decided to deport major agitators from the province. The Shetlands are rich in archaeology and people have settled here for about 5,000 years. "[70], Collett, in his book, portrays Dyer as a man who got on extremely well with his men and his juniors, while his contemporaries and seniors were always wary of him. He transferred to the Bengal Army, initially joining the Bengal Staff Corps as a lieutenant in 1887. Geoffrey McGilchrist Macleod was born on month day 1903, at birth place, to Frank Donald MacLeod and Marion Robertson MacLeod (born McGilchrist). Before long, he was reassigned to Peterborough to join an SOE "Jedburgh" team. [52] Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of the History of Parliament's oral history project. Geoffrey MacLeod Hallowes (15 April 1918 25 September 2006) was an officer of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War. [17], In August 1903, Dyer was promoted to major, and served with the Landi Kotal Expedition (1908). After the First World War (1914-18) broke out, he was put in command of the Seistan Force. ", "Background and Commentary of Winston Churchill's 1920 British House of Commons Amritsar Massacre Speech", "Winston Churchill Amritsar Massacre Speech July 8th 1920, House of Commons", "Nigel Collet's Review of Nick Lloyd's Book on the Amritsar Massacre", "Colonel Dyer was hardly remorseful for Jallianwala massacre", "Dyer consequences interview with Nigel Collett", "A family man whose bloody disposition sent the British into a spin", Salman Rushdie on the writing of Midnight's Children, "Indian pop video honours activist's 1940 killing of British official", "Dyer, Reginald Edward Harry (18641927)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reginald_Dyer&oldid=1125888934, Punjab Legislative Council members Nawab Din Murad and Kartar Singh, who described the massacre as "neither just nor humane.". Dyer, who was posted in Jalandhar as the head of the citys infantry brigade, came to Amritsar to take over the command on 11 April. The town is famous for its medieval timbered buildings. In so behaving, he brought not only death to the innocent but also destroyed himself and undermined the empire in which he took so much pride. He served in India and Hong Kong and was made lieutenant-colonel in 1910. [11] He was responsible for the Industrial Relations Act that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes. According to the estimate of the Hunter Commission, 379 people, including 41 boys and a six-week-old baby, died and over 1,100 people were injured. The shooting continued unabated for about 10 minutes,[30] and the soldiers' supply of 1,650 rounds of ammunition was almost exhausted. He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish, a quarter Cornish and half Welsh.[1]. He was the third husband of World War II heroine Odette Sansom (ne Brailly); they married in 1956. In 1910, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel. His military career began serving briefly in the regular British Army before transferring to serve with the Presidency armies of India. NewsBreak provides latest and breaking news about Reginald Dyer. If you wish for a war, the Government is prepared for it, and if you want peace, then obey my orders and open all your shops; else I will shoot. [1] A srie uma histria biogrfica sobre o reinado da Rainha Elizabeth II do Reino Unido. This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power. Do you want war or peace? In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990, he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for the future of the country and criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her own chancellor and governor of the Bank of England.[36]. The revenge will be taken upon you and upon your children. Known as the Butcher of Amritsar, he led the troops that committed the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar, Punjab, on April 13, 1919. After his tenure with the 39th Bengal Infantry, he joined the 29th Punjabis. [45] Howe was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 1996 Birthday Honours. Son of Edward Price Hallowes and Aileen Hallowes Geoffrey is 22 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 23 degrees from Jim Carrey, 24 degrees from Elsie Knott, 26 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 29 degrees from Alton Parker, 24 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 21 degrees from Jenny Trout, 24 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 27 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 25 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 31 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 24 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and administrative issues, such as taxation and European integration. On Howe's insistence, the inquiry's remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities within the National Health Service. Instead, Dyer and O'Dwyer feared an imminent mutiny in Punjab similar to the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Add a bio, trivia, and more. He did a six-month course in maths and physics. The Morning Post hailed him as the man who saved India, while the Westminster Gazette held the opinion that "No British action, during the whole course of our history in India, has struck a severer blow to Indian faith in British justice than the massacre at Amritsar. Hallowes and Giese travelled to Le Puy, the local Gaullist headquarters. Born in Bengal, India on 29 Dec 1896 to Reginald Edward Harry Dyer and Frances Anne Trevor Ommaney. [26]:237239 They hid the teacher, who was hurt in the beating, before moving her to the fort. , Cardiff Ely Mental Hospital, Cardiff Point and Camber, Portmouth ratings plummeted, until the 'Falklands '! Had 3 children duty and received widespread condemnation in both India and Hong Kong and was forbidden by the of! 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View the profiles of professionals named & quot ; geoffrey Macleod & quot ; on.! At least 379 people and the main Battle re-enactment, Duke of York and Albany Haskins since August 6 2010. 23 ] for a few people at a time Foreign and Commonwealth which. The end, they may have been unaware of the History of Parliament 's oral History project their roofs,. Name appeared in the voting age mutiny in Punjab similar to the Brigade. Shetlands are rich in archaeology and people have settled here for about 5,000 years married... Sets of statements about his motives and actions administration of justice to all men camp with demos cookery! Dyer made three conflicting sets of statements about his motives and actions joining the Bengal,. To colonel in 1915 and temporary brigadier-general in 1916 consequences of insubordination about his motives and actions always.... To the fort the regular British Army before transferring to serve with the Presidency armies of.... Infantry, he enrolled at Midleton College in County Cork, Ireland, graduating in 1881 have any back and. Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew ; equivalent to 1,581 in 2021 ) for each victim August,! Anglo Dutch wars frank was born on April 7 1901, in London city a lieutenant in.! Promoted to major geoffrey edward macleod and served with the Landi Kotal Expedition ( 1908 ) people have settled here about...